There is plenty of (quite) technical content around cloud-optimized geospatial data formats (#cloudnativegeo, for short). For example, the comprehensive format guide by the Cloud-Native Geo Forum (CNG) or, in the Swiss context, the shorter guide on behalf of GeoStandards.ch.
If you would enjoy a perhaps more accessible approach than studying such technical publications, you may want to look into the cloudnativegeo zine1 recently issued by Development Seed — “Optimizing Geospatial for the Cloud”:
You can peruse the short (24 pages) zine online (personally, I could do without the acoustic skeuomorphism2, but that’s just a minuscule quibble).
Interestingly, Development Seed have also published a behind-the-scenes blogpost that explains some of the thinking behind making a zine.